Dualism is one way to put the traditional dualism of practical reason, i.e., that practical reason can never declare that there is greater overall reason to conform to moral, or prudential, requirements in a case of conflict between our own self-interest and our obligations to others.1 In this paper, I distinguish two methods by which one might accept Dualism. First, I discuss a substantive dua...

Abstract This chapter discusses the extent to which Kant’s views on interpersonal ethics can be applied animals, provided we recognise existence of duties animals. The first difficulty is that cannot have any ‘duties respect’ towards since these rest idea recognising equality moral agents. second central demand adopt ends others rests are instrumentally rational pursuers their own happiness. An...